Common Defensive Pattern | How It May Be Used in Therapy |
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Projection |
Basis of irrational "blaming," but also basis for useful belief that others are similar to oneself. |
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Conflict minimization and avoidance |
Basis for fending off confrontation about alcohol problem, but also a motive for acquiescence. |
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Rationalization |
Basis for justifying drinking once acknowledged, but like denial, may be useful for other matters during early treatment. |
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Self-centered selective attention |
Alcoholics may be generous but lack empathy; can appeal to self-interest in urging treatment. |
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Preference for nonanalytical modes of thinking and perceiving |
Alcoholics respond better to an emotionally persuasive appeal. |
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Passivity |
Alcoholics shun competition and assertion. |
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Obsessional focusing |
Intense involvement in alcohol use is often paralleled by similar involvement in other activities; this mindset can be turned to treatment and pursuit of sobriety. |