Table of Contents

About This Course

1. Introduction to Elder Abuse
2. The Basics of Elder Abuse
3. Substance Use and Other Risk Factors
4. Screening and Assessment
5. Intervention and Treatment
6. Preventing Elder Abuse

Supplements
Case Studies
References
Resources

Out of the Shadows
Uncovering Substance Use and Elder Abuse

A printable version (PDF) of these references, organized by module, is available.
What is PDF?

• American Psychological Association. (1996). The magnitude of family violence. In Violence and the Family: Report of the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family (p. 9). Washington, DC: Author.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging. (2004, March). Elder abuse prevention [Fact sheet]. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from http://www.aoa.gov/press/fact/alpha/fact_elder_abuse.asp
• American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Elder abuse and neglect: In search of solutions. Retrieved October 10, 2003, from http://www.apa.org/pi/aging/eldabuse.html?cfid=2501485&cftoken=65561012
• National Center on Elder Abuse at the American Public Human Services Association in collaboration with Westat. (1998, September). National Elder Abuse Incidence Study: Final report. Retrieved May 17, 2004, from http://www.aoa.gov/eldfam/Elder_Rights/Elder_Abuse/AbuseReport_Full.pdf
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2000, January). Projections of the total resident population by 5-year age groups, race, and Hispanic origin with special age categories: Middle series, 2025 to 2045. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from
  http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/summary/np-t4-f.pdf
• Dyer, C. B., Connolly, M.-T., & McFeeley, P. (2003). The clinical and medical forensics of elder abuse and neglect. In R. J. Bonnie & R. B. Wallace (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America (pp. 339-381). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• Sharps, P. W., Campbell, J., Campbell, D., Gary, F., & Webster, D. (2001). The role of alcohol use in intimate partner femicide. American Journal on Addictions, 10(2), 122-135.
• Ansell, P. & Breckman, R. (1988). Elder mistreatment guidelines for health care professionals: Detection, assessment, and intervention. New York: Mount Sinai/Victim Services Agency.
• Dunlop, B. D., Rothman, M. B., Condon, K. M., Hebert, K. S., & Martinez, I. L. (2000). Elder abuse: Risk factors and use of case data to improve policy and practice. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 12(3/4), 95-122. Citing: Finkelhor, D., & Pillemer, K. (1988). Elder abuse: Its relationship to other forms of domestic violence. In G. T. Hoating et al. (Eds.), Family abuse and its consequences: New directions in research (pp. 244-254). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
• National Research Council, Panel To Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect. (2003). Introduction. In R. J. Bonnie & R. B. Wallace (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America (pp. 9-33). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• National Research Council, Panel To Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect. (2003). Concepts, definitions, and guidelines for measurement. In R. J. Bonnie & R. B. Wallace (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America (pp. 34-59). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• British Columbia Institute Against Family Violence. (1993, March). Ask the question: A resource manual on elder abuse for health care personnel, by D. S. Pay. Retrieved August 30, 2004, from http://www.bcifv.org/pubs/Ask_the_Question.pdf
• Tatara, T., & Kuzmeskus, L. M. (1996). Trends in elder abuse in domestic settings. In Elder abuse information series, No. 2. Washington, DC: National Center on Elder Abuse.
• Baumhover, L. A., Beall, S. C. (Eds.). (1996). Abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older persons: Strategies for assessment and intervention [Excerpt]. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.
• Gellert, G. A. (2002). Confronting violence: Answers to questions about the epidemic destroying America's homes and communities. (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
• Hawes, C. (2003). Elder abuse in long-term care settings: What is known and what information is needed? In R. J. Bonnie & R. B. Wallace (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America (pp. 446-500). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• Dunlop, B. D., Rothman, M. B., Condon, K. M., Hebert, K. S., & Martinez, I. L. (2000). Elder abuse: Risk factors and use of case data to improve policy and practice. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 12(3/4), 95-122.
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Financial abuse. Retrieved February 25, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/fin_abuse.html
• Swagerty, D. L. Family caregiving and elder abuse. (2000). Retrieved February 3, 2004, from http://www.fcsl.edu/Students/elder_law.htm
• Ramsey-Klawsnik, H. (2000). Elder abuse offenders: A typology. Generations, 24(2), 17-22.
• Nerenberg, L. (2002, March). Preventing elder abuse by family caregivers. Washington, DC: National Center on Elder Abuse.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging. (2003, May). What we do makes a difference: Family caregiving [Fact sheet]. Washington, DC: Author. Available at http://www.aoa.gov
• U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, Special Investigations Division. (2001, July 30). Abuse of residents is a major problem in U.S. nursing homes. Report prepared for Rep. Henry A. Waxman.
• Gellert, G. A. (2002). Confronting violence: Answers to questions about the epidemic destroying America's homes and communities. (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
• American Medical Association. (n.d.). Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on elder abuse and neglect. Retrieved May 17, 2004, from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/386/elderabuse.pdf
• American Psychological Association. (1996). Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Violence and the Family. Washington, DC: Author.
• Brandl, B., & Raymond, J. (1997). Unrecognized elder abuse victims. Journal of Case Management, 6(2), 62-68.
• Wolf, R. S. (1997). Elder abuse and neglect: Causes and consequences. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(1), 155-159.
• Wolf, R. S. (1997). Elder abuse and neglect: Causes and consequences. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(1), 155-159. Citing: Hudson, M. (1991). Elder mistreatment: A taxonomy with definitions by Delphi. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 3(2), 1-20.
• Lachs, M. S., Williams, C. S., O'Brien, S., Pillemer, K. A., Charlson, M. E. (1998). The mortality of elder mistreatment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(5), 428-432.
• Greenberg, J. R., McKibben, M., & Raymond, J. A. (1990). Dependent adult children and elder abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 2(1/2), 73-85.
• Cohen, D. (2001). Homicide-suicide in older persons: How you can help prevent a tragedy. Tampa, FL: Louis de Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida. Retrieved June 24, 2004, from http://www.fmhi.usf.edu/amh/homicide-suicide/art_hs_inolder.html
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2002). Preventing elder abuse by family caregivers. Washington, DC: Author.
• Anetzberger, G. J. (2000, Summer). Caregiving: Primary cause of elder abuse? Generations, 24(11), 46-51.
• Dunlop, B. D., Rothman, M. B., Condon, K. M., Hebert, K. S., & Martinez, I. L. (2000). Elder abuse: Risk factors and use of case data to improve policy and practice. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 12(3/4), 95-122.
• Levine, J. M. (2003). Elder neglect and abuse: A primer for primary care physicians. Geriatrics, 58(10), 37-44.
• Anetzberger, G. J., Korbin, J. E., & Austin, C. (1994, June). Alcoholism and elder abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9(2), 184-193
• Greenfeld, L. A. (1998). Alcohol and crime: An analysis of national data on the prevalence of alcohol involvement in crime (Publication No. NCJ168632). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
• Osgood, N. J., & Manetta, A. A. (2002). Sexual abuse, battering, and substance abuse: Three clinical cases of older women. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 38(3), 99-113.
• Miller, B. A. (1996). Women's alcohol use and their violent victimization. In J. M. Howard, S. E. Martin, P. D. Mail, M. E. Hilton, & E. D. Taylor (Eds.), Women and alcohol: Issues for prevention research (pp. 185-214) (Research Monograph No. 32). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Citing: Wilsnack, S. C. (1984). Drinking, sexuality, and sexual dysfunction in women. In S. C. Wilsnack, & L. J. Beckman (Eds.), Alcohol problems in women: Antecedents, consequences, and intervention (pp. 189-227). New York: Guilford Press.
• Sharps, P. W., Campbell, J. C., Campbell, D. W., Gary, F., & Webster, D. (2001). The role of alcohol use in intimate partner femicide. American Journal on Addictions, 10, 122-135.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1998). Treatment Improvement Protocol Series No. 26: Substance abuse among older adults (DHHS Publication No. [SMA] 98-3179). Rockville, MD: Author.
• Joseph, C. L. (1995). Alcohol and drug misuse in the nursing home. International Journal of the Addictions, 30(13-14), 1953-1984.
• Gerety, M. B., Cornell, J. E., Plichta, D. T., & Eimer, M. (1994). Adverse events related to drugs and drug withdrawal in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(10), 1131-1133.
• Nation's Voice on Mental Illness. (2003, May). Depression in older persons. Retrieved March 15, 2004, from http://www.nami.org
• Heston, L. L., Garrard, J., Makris, L., Kane, R. L., Cooper, S., Dunham, T., et al. (1992). Inadequate treatment of depressed nursing home elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(11), 1117-1122.
• Anetzberger, G. J., Korbin, J. E., & Austin, C. (1994). Alcoholism and elder abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9(2), 184-193. Citing: Godkin, M. A., Wolf, R. S., & Pillemer, K. A. (1989). A case-comparison analysis of elder abuse and neglect. In R. A. Kalish & D. K. Reynolds (Eds.), Death and ethnicity: A psychocultural study (pp. 207-225). Amityville, NY: Baywood.
• Greenberg, J. R., McKibben, M., & Raymond, J. A. (1990). Dependent adult children and elder abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 2(1/2), 73-85.
• Anetzberger, G. J., Korbin, J. E., & Austin, C. (1994). Alcoholism and elder abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9(2), 184-193.
• Hwalek, M. A., Neale, A. V., Goodrich, C. S., & Quinn, K. (1996). The association of elder abuse and substance abuse in the Illinois elder abuse system. Gerontologist, 36(5), 694-700.
• Emery, R. E. & Laumann-Billings, L. (1998). An overview of the nature, causes, and consequences of abusive family relationships: Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence [Electronic version]. American Psychologist, 53(2), 121-135.
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Elder abuse and substance abuse.
• Gfroerer, J.C., Penne, M.A., Pemberton, M.R., & Folsom, Jr., R.E. (2002). The aging baby boom cohort and future prevalence of substance abuse. In S.P. Korper & C.L. Council (Eds.), Substance use by older adults: Estimates of future impact on the treatment system (DHHS Pub. No. SMA-03-3763, Analytic Series A-21). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Retrieved August 30, 2004 from http://oas.samhsa.gov/aging/chap5.htm
• These case studies have been adapted from materials developed by Charmaine Spencer, Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia. Available at http://www.agingincanada.ca/Seniors%20Alcohol/1e6.htm
• Swagerty, Jr., D. L., Takahashi, P. Y., & Evans, J. M. (1999, May 15). Elder mistreatment [Electronic version]. American Family Physician, 59(10), 2804-2808. Retrieved March 7, 2000, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/990515ap/2804.html
• Levine, J. M. (2003, October). Elder neglect and abuse: A primer for primary care physicians. Geriatrics, 58(10), 37-44.
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). The role of culture in elder abuse. Retrieved May 10, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse org/issues/autonomy.html
• Cammer Paris, B. E. (1996, March 2). Violence against elderly people. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 63(2), 97-100.
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Autonomy and self-determination. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/issues/autonomy.html
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). What is elder abuse? Retrieved February 25, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/elderabuse.html
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Physical abuse. Retrieved February 25, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/physical.html
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Sexual abuse. Retrieved October 20, 2003, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/s_abuse.html
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Psychological abuse. Retrieved February 25, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/psychological.html
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2003, March). Neglect and self-neglect. Retrieved February 25, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/neglect.html
• Ahmad, M., & Lachs, M. S. (2002, October). Elder abuse and neglect: What physicians can and should do. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 69(10), 801-808.
• A Perfect Cause. (n.d.). Warning signs of poor care. Retrieved June 24, 2004, from http://aperfectcause.org/122602-apc-warningsignsofpoorcare.htm
• Institute on Aging. (2002, October). Ask our experts: Signs of alcoholism in the elderly. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from http://www.gioa.org/osubs/holiday.htm
• Institute on Aging. (2002, October). Ask our experts: Symptoms of depression. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from http://www.gioa.org/osubs/holiday.htm
• An interview with Charmaine Spencer and Jeff Smith. (n.d.) Retrieved June 16, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/nexus/spencersmith.html
• Brownell, P., Berman, J., & Salamone, A. (1999). Mental health and criminal justice issues among perpetrators of elder abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 11(4), 81-94.
• Otto, J. M. (2000). The role of adult protective services in addressing abuse. Generations, 24(2), 33-38.
• Roby, J. L., & Sullivan, R. (2000). Adult protection service laws: A comparison of state statutes from definition to case closure. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 12(3/4), 17-51.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging. (2004, April 6). Elder rights and resources. Retrieved May 10, 2004, from http://www.aoa.gov./eldfam/Elder_Rights/LTC/LTC.asp
• Breckman, R. S., & Adelman, R. D. (1998). Strategies for helping victims of elder mistreatment. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
• Ball, S. A., & Kosten, T.A. (1998). Diagnostic classification systems. In A.W. Graham, T. K. Schultz, & B. B. Wilford (Eds.), Principles of addiction medicine (2nd ed.). Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine.
• Barry, K.L., Oslin, D., & Blow, F.C. (2001). Prevention and management of alcohol problems in older adults. New York: Springer Publishing.
• Abeles, N. Cooley, S., Deitch, I. M., Harper, M. S., Hinrichsen, G., Lopez, M. A., & Molinari, V. A. (1998). What practitioners should know about working with older adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved June 24, 2004, from http://www.apa.org/pi/aging/practitioners/homepage.html
• Wolf, R. S. (2001). Support groups for older victims of domestic violence. Journal of Women and Aging, 13(4), 71-83.
• Vinton, L. (1999). Working with abused older women from a feminist perspective. In J. D. Garner (Ed.), Fundamentals of feminist gerontology (pp. 85-100). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, Inc.
• Brandl, B., Hebert, M., Rozwadowski, J., & Spangler, D. (2003). Feeling safe, feeling strong: Support groups for older abused women. Violence Against Women, 9(12), 1490-1503.
• Kosberg, J. I., & Mangum, W. P. (2002). The invisibility of older men in gerontology. Gerontology and Geriatrics Education, 22(4), 27-42.
• Vladescu, D., Eveleigh, K., Ploeg, J., & Patterson, C. (1999). An evaluation of a client-centered case management program for elder abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 11(4), 5-22.
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2003, May 20). Elder abuse law background information. Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.elderabusecenter.org/default.cfm?p=backgrounder.cfm
• National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (2002). Model code on domestic and family violence. Reno, Nevada: Conrad Hilton Foundation.
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2003, May 20). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved February 24, 2004, from http://www.elderabusecenter.org/default.cfm?p=faqs.cfm
• National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2004, April). Caregiving in the U.S. Retrieved June 24, 2004, from http://research.aarp.org/il/us_caregiving.pdf
• Schulz, R., & Beach, S. R. (1999). Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(23), 2215-2219.
• American Psychological Association. (2003, November 9). Caregivers of family members with dementia experience more health problems than noncaregivers, according to first time review of the research [Press release]. Retrieved February 25, 2004, from http://www.apa.org/releases/caregiving.html
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2002, March). Developing training programs on elder abuse prevention for in-home helpers: Issues and guidelines. Washington, DC: Author.
• U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (1998, March). Guidelines for the screening of persons working with children, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities in need of support.
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2003, October 22). Nursing home abuse. Retrieved October 20, 2003, from http://www.elderabusecenter.org/default.cfm?p=nursinghomeabuse.cfm
• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. (n.d.). Concerned citizens. Retrieved May 7, 2004, from http://www.preventelderabuse.org/professionals/concerned.html
• What you can do: Quick remedies for nursing home abuse and neglect. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2004, from http://www.nursinghomealert.com/stoppingabuse/whatyoucando.html
• Nerenberg, L. (2000). Developing a service response to elder abuse. Generations, 24(2), 86-92.
• Teaster, P. B., & Nerenberg, L. (n.d.). A national look at elder abuse multidisciplinary teams. Retrieved June 24, 2004, from www.elderabusecenter.org/pdf/publication/mdt.pdf
• Wolf: Elder Abuse Primary Prevention Strategies (from conference presentation handout materials).
• Fisher, J. W., & Dyer, C. B. (2003). The hidden health menace of elder abuse. Postgraduate Medicine, 113(4), 21-26.
• Teaster, P. B. (2000). A response to the abuse of vulnerable adults: The 2000 survey of state adult protective services. Washington, DC: National Center on Elder Abuse.
• National Institutes of Health. (1998, August 4). Abuse associated with increased risk of death for older people. Retrieved July 22, 2004, from http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug98/nia-04.htm
• National Research Council, Panel To Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect (2003). Risk factors for elder mistreatment. In R. J. Bonnie & R. B. Wallace (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect and exploitation in an aging America (pp. 88-103). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Facts about family violence [Press release]. Retrieved July 20, 2004, from http://www.apa.org/releases/facts.html?+2501485&CFTOKEN=65561012
• National Center on Elder Abuse. (2003, November). Clearinghouse on Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly (CANE): Annotated bibliography: Financial abuse, undue influence, scams, frauds and protection of assets.
• DuPage County, Illinois, Human Services -- Senior Services. (2004, January 22). Elder abuse and neglect: Current research and practice [PowerPoint presentation]. Author.
• Johnson, K. D. (2003). Financial crimes against the elderly (Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 20). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.